![]() ![]() ![]() Oikos 74: 225–234īlossey B (1995c) Impact of Galerucella pusilla and G. Biological Control 5: 113–122īlossey B (1995b) Coexistence of two leaf-beetles in the same fundamental niche: distribution, adult phenology and oviposition. Oecologia 94: 380–387īlossey B (1995a) A comparison of various approaches for evaluating potential biological control agents using insects on Lythrum salicaria. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie 136: 309–325īlossey B (1993) Herbivory below ground and biological weed control: life history of a root-boring weevil on purple loosestrife. ![]() Ohio Journal of Science 89: 62–64īarlocher F andBiddiscombe NR (1996) Geratology and decomposition of Typha latifolia and Lythrum salicaria in a freshwater marsh. Environmental Management 19: 225–231īalogh GR andBookhout TA (1989) Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, in Ohio' Lake Erie marshes, USA. Indiana Academy of Sciences, IndianapolisĪnderson MG (1995) Interaction between Lythrum salicaria and native organisms: a critical review. In: McKnight BN (ed) Biological Pollution, the Control and Impact of Invasive Exotic Species, pp 9-21. Long-term experiments and monitoring programs that are in place will evaluate the impact of these insects on purple loosestrife, on wetland plant succession and other wetland biota.Īmrine JW andStasny TA (1992) Biocontrol of multiflora rose. We conclude that (1) negative ecosystem impacts of purple loosestrife in North America justify control of the species and that (2) detrimental effects of purple loosestrife on wetland systems and biota and the potential benefits of control outweigh potential risks associated with the introduction of biocontrol agents. Although a number of generalist insect and bird species utilize purple loosestrife, wetland habitat specialists are excluded by encroachment of L. Conventional methods (physical, mechanical or chemical), have continuously failed to curb the spread of purple loosestrife or to provide satisfactory control. Although little quantitative evidence on negative impacts on native wetland biota and wetland function was available at the onset of the control program in 1985, recent work has demonstrated that the invasion of purple loosestrife into North American freshwater wetlands alters decomposition rates and nutrient cycling, leads to reductions in wetland plant diversity, reduces pollination and seed output of the native Lythrum alatum, and reduces habitat suitability for specialized wetland bird species such as black terns, least bitterns, pied-billed grebes, and marsh wrens. salicaria, and (2) management using biocontrol for lack of evidence documenting the failure of conventional control methods. Should lack of scientific certainty about impacts of non-indigenous species result in postponing measures to prevent degradation? Recently, management of purple loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria), has been criticized for (1) lack of evidence demonstrating negative impacts of L. Justifications for control are often based on potential, but not presently realized, recognized or quantified, negative impacts. However, there is little quantitative or experimental evidence for ecosystem impacts of invasive species. The invasion of non-indigenous plants is considered a primary threat to integrity and function of ecosystems. ![]()
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